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=== Education and early career ===
[[File:Deng xxixian.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Deng's name is spelled "Teng Xi Xien" on this employment card from the [[Hutchinson SA|Hutchinson]] shoe factory in [[Châlette-sur-Loing]], France, where he worked for eight months in 1922, and for another stint in 1923 where he was fired after one month, with the bottom note reading 'refused to work, do not take him back']]
Deng's given name was Xiansheng ({{lang|zh-hans|先圣}}). When Deng first attended school, his tutor objected to
In the summer of 1919, Deng graduated from the [[Chongqing]] School. He and 80 schoolmates travelled by ship to France (travelling [[Steerage (deck)|steerage]]) to participate in the [[Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement]], a work-study program<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last1=Marquis |first1=Christopher |title=Mao and Markets: The Communist Roots of Chinese Enterprise |last2=Qiao |first2=Kunyuan |date=2022 |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-26883-6 |location=New Haven |doi=10.2307/j.ctv3006z6k |jstor=j.ctv3006z6k |oclc=1348572572 |author-link=Christopher Marquis |s2cid=253067190}}</ref>{{Rp|page=37}} in which 4,001 Chinese would participate by 1927. Deng, the youngest of all the Chinese students in the group, had just turned 15.<ref>Spence, Jonathan (1999), "In Search of Modern China", 310</ref> Wu Yuzhang, the local leader of the Movement in Chongqing, enrolled Deng and his paternal uncle, Deng Shaosheng, in the program. Deng's father strongly supported his son's participation in the work-study abroad program.{{sfnb|Vogel|2011| p= 18–20}} The night before his departure, Deng's father took his son aside and asked him what he hoped to learn in France. He repeated the words he had learned from his teachers: "To learn knowledge and truth from the West in order to save China." Deng was aware that China was suffering greatly, and that the Chinese people must have a modern education to save their country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Whitney |title=Deng Xiaoping: Leader in a Changing China |date=2001 |publisher=Twenty-First Century Books |isbn=9780822549628 |page=23}}</ref>
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